There is no standard solution. Which route is best for you depends on your business, your people and your personal situation. Here are the four most common routes.
1. Sale to an industry peer or strategic buyer
Selling to an industry peer or strategic buyer is the most common route for entrepreneurs who do not have a successor, as there are parties in virtually every industry who are actively seeking a business like yours. Consider a competitor looking to strengthen its market position, a larger company looking to acquire your customer base or expertise, or a foreign party looking to enter the Dutch market through an acquisition. They know the industry, understand what they are buying and can pick up the integration quickly because they don't have to reinvent the wheel.
That also makes strategic buyers willing to pay more than an investor looking purely at financial returns, because for them the value is not only in profits but also in what your company adds to their own organization.
Carefree Marketing was sold this way. Founder Melvin Hardey: "Eventually the company was sold to an industry peer, then I was able to go back to building my other businesses."
2. Management Buy-Out, an employee takes over
If you employ someone who has been around for a long time, knows the customers and perhaps has expressed a desire to take over, a management buyout is a serious option to explore. In a management buyout, an employee or group of employees takes over the company from you as the owner, keeping the company in trusted hands and ensuring continuity for customers and staff.
One point to consider is financing, because an employee does not always have enough of his own capital to fully finance the acquisition. There are several ways to solve that such as a bank loan, an earn-out construction where you receive part of the purchase price over a longer period of time or a combination of both.
Brigitte Hertz did it this way: Herz Trainings was transferred to one of her own trainers. Brigitte: "Together we were able to get all the steps right so that the transfer was a success." At Jagerteam BV, Johan and Jeroen took over the cleaning business from Jan who was retiring. There were good intentions but the agreements were informal. We formalized everything into a legally watertight deal.
3. Management Buy-In, an outside manager takes over
If you don't have a suitable successor internally but have a company that is running well, an outside candidate can take over and run it themselves. A management buy-in candidate is someone who is actively looking to buy and run a company and has the experience and capital to do so.
The difference with a management buyout is that this person doesn't know your company yet, which means the selection process requires more time and guidance. You want to find someone who not only gets the financing done but also has the personality and experience to take your company forward in a way that fits with what you have built. A good match in that area largely determines whether the transfer goes smoothly.
4. Sale to an investor
A fourth option is to sell to an investor or a party that is actively acquiring businesses to further grow them. This route works well if your business has stable profitability and there is a strong team that can carry the operation independently without your daily involvement.
Investors evaluate a company differently than a strategic buyer or a management candidate because they look primarily at the return on their investment and at the scalability of the company. The deal structure in a sale to an investor is often more complex than in the other routes, making good guidance in negotiations here especially important.